Faits saillants / Highlights (see english on the reverse page):
En fin de semaine 20, 10 375 cas cumulés de choléra, dont 210 décès, sont rapportés au total sur les 18 pays de la sous-région. La majeure par e des cas (95%) provient de la République Démocratique du Congo. A la semaine 20, le taux de complétude pour ce dernier reste relativement bas (absence des données du Haut Lomami, Ituri, Mongala, Nord Kivu et Sud Kivu). Par conséquent, la baisse importante marquée de la semaine 19 à 20 doit être prise avec précaution (voir figure).
Bénin : En semaine 20, trente-trois cas ont été notifiés sur la commune d’Adjohoun, Département de l’Oueme. Ce e transmission ac ve reportée dans une nouvelle commune est inquiétante surtout avec l’arrivée de la saison des pluies.
République Démocratique du Congo : Les importantes flambées observées dans le premier trimestre de l’année 2016 dans les provinces du Haut-Katanga, Haut-Lomami et Tanganyika con nuent leur ralentissement fort. Les zones en démarrage épidémique sont Kinshasa avec 14 cas et 2 décès rapportés en S20, l’équateur (122 et 97 cas respec vement en S19 et S20) et le Mai Ndombe (9 et 23 cas). Les taux de létalité pour les provinces prioritaires de Kinshasa (CFR moyenS19-S20 = 17,6%) et Equateur (CFR moyenS19-S20 = 5,9%) sont toujours extrêmement élevés.
Tchad : Sur les dernières semaines du mois d’Avril, trois (3) cas suspects de choléra ont été signalés sur la zone urbaine de N’Djamena, donnant lieu à une investigation mais non confirmés en laboratoire.
Highlights
As of per week 20, 10,375 cumula ve cholera cases, incl. 210 deaths has been reported in total on the 18 countries of the WCA region. Most of cases (95%) are coming from Democratic Republic of Congo. On week 20, the completeness of report for DR-Congo are rela vely lower than on W19 (absence of data from Haut-Lomami, Ituri, Mongala, North Kivu and South Kivu). Hence, the decline in incidence observed from W19 to W20 should be considered carefully (see graph—back page). in the spreading of cholera outbreaks
Benin: On week 20, thirty three cases were reported from the Adjohoun commune, Oueme County. This active transmission reported in a new location is worrying, as it shows that the low transmission remains active and especially now that the rainy season has started.
DR Congo: The important outbreaks registered in the first quarter of 2016 in the provinces of Haut-Katanga, Haut- Lomami and Tanganyika are strongly declining. However, the transmission is increasing in new areas: Kinshasa (14 cases incl. 2 deaths reported in W20, Equateur (increase up to 122 and 97 cases respectively on W19 and W20), and Mai Ndombe (9 and 23 cases in W19 and W20). Case-Fatality Ratio in the high priority areas such as Kinshasa
The spatiotemporal evolution of human mobility and the related fluctuations of popula on density are known to be key drivers of the dynamics of infectious disease outbreaks. These factors are particularly relevant in the case of mass gatherings, which may act as hotspots of disease transmission and spread. Understanding these dynamics, however, is usually limited by the lack of accurate data, especially in developing countries. Mobile phone call data provide a new, first-order source of information that allows the tracking of the evolution of mobility fluxes with high resolution in space and time. Here, we analyze a dataset of mobile phone records of 150,000 users in Senegal to extract human mobility fluxes and directly incorporate them into a spatially explicit, dynamic epidemiological framework. Our model, which also takes into account other drivers of disease transmission such as rainfall, is applied to the 2005 cholera outbreak in Senegal, which totaled more than 30,000 reported cases. Our findings highlight the major influence that a mass gathering, which took place during the ini al phase of the outbreak, had on the course of the epidemic. Such an effect could not be explained by classic, static approaches describing human mobility. Model results also show how concentrated efforts toward disease control in a transmission hotspot could have an important effect on the large-scale progression of an outbreak. (CFR average W19-20 =17.6%) and Equateur (CFR average W19-20 =5.9%) are remaining extremely high.
Chad: During the month of April, three (3) suspected cholera cases have been no fied in the urban area of N’Djamena, which led to a field inves gation. To date these cases were not lab-confirmed.